Intermediate Temperature Oxygen Selective Membrane Technology Based on δ-Bi2O3/Ag Cermet for Distributed Multigeneration in Eco-Settlements with Sustainable Development
Oxygen Membrane
Keywords:
Oxygen selective membranes, composites, cermet, carbon fuels, green coal energy, ecology, sustainable development, eco-settlement, eco-estateAbstract
Eco-settlements are active examples of sustainable development for mass dissemination with minimal consumption. However, in general, the goals of sustainable development are rarely achieved. The main reason for the failure of a promising project is the unreasonable focus on alternative energy sources. The sun and wind—as renewable energy sources—are not permanent. Yet, increasing their share of energy requires energy storage technology. A new approach to green carbon energy is proposed in the form of a technically feasible concept of Distributed Multigeneration (DMG), for which unclaimed carbon resources are practically unlimited. A waste-free, flexible process without environmental pollution can be developed using the best-known and novel technologies. This article discusses the advantages and issues associated with cermet membranes. The ideas of a smart oxygen membrane, understanding of degradation processes, optimization of the architecture and compositions of membrane materials, and a technically feasible roadmap for continuous membrane fabrication could drive success for a new version of ion transport technology. For the implementation of membranes in the energy sector, the required durability is 8,000 hours. Such durability can be achieved by periodic regeneration of the membranes after the ordering of oxygen vacancies with short-term heating up to 640°C. Environmentally essential, full cleaning of flue gases turns them into fertilizers for greenhouses and sweep gas, which ensures long-term operation of the membranes and eliminates the need for expensive high-pressure equipment. The profitability of IT OSM technology can be achieved through a combination of new and well-known conjugated technical and logistical solutions which provide a synergy effect for DMG. The success of the pilot project of an eco-estate lies in the two-fold reduction in capital costs and maintenance while meeting modern housing requirements. This result is achieved by a critical selection of compatible solutions, semi-autonomous energy-efficient execution, a combination of passive engineering systems, and a construction roadmap using local resources and wastes. The mass construction of eco-villages with improved quality of housing at a reduced price, together with social and industrial infrastructure, can provide demand for DMG, which can greatly expand the market in the direction of autonomous settlements. A significant part of the conjugated scientific and technical solutions can be useful in other regions and countries.
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